how to change letter spacing in word 2013

Researchers continue to explore methods to address current challenges in the field, especially in relation to the recent progress in graphic recognition. Given the above issues, the recognition and classification of OBI have yielded little progress, although the technology of optical character recognition (OCR) is used widely in the recognition of modern printed characters. Simultaneously, the layout of OBI is quite irregular with uneven margins. To describe complicated objects, some of them are several times larger than the average character, whereas some are small. The deformation of strokes is very common as the nicks have withstood abrasion for many years. The stroke width of OBI characters also varies dramatically because all characters are carved individually on animal bones or tortoise shells with knives. Therefore, images of the same character look more or less different from each other. As a pictograph, most characters in the OBI describe the shape of objects in the real world, without limitations in the length, position, and even the number of strokes used. Figure 1 shows different images of the same character in OBI, and challenges are analyzed as follows. Therefore, the broad variety of characters’ shape serves as the key obstacle for computers to recognize these characters automatically. It possesses many distinctive or individual features of drawing and there are no such standard glyphs as in its descendants. However, compared with the seal script, clerical script, semi-cursive script, and regular script, OBI remains to be at early stage of grapheme evolution. All six categories of Chinese characters, namely, self-explanatory characters, pictographs, pictophonetic characters, associative compounds, mutually explanatory characters, and phonetic loan characters, can be seen in the system. OBI has already evolved into a mature character system both in terms of the number of characters it has and its graphemic structure. Among the presently recovered 4,700 round characters appearing on about 100,000 pieces of extant animal bones and tortoise shells, 1,800 of them have been identified. The divinations and supplications of the emperors to the gods and the replies they received comprise the main content of OBI. I NTRODUCTION Oracle bone inscription (OBI), developed more than 3,000 years ago during the Shang Dynasty, is the earliest systematized Chinese character set.

How to change letter spacing in word 2013